"hitten" meaning in Middle English

See hitten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈhitən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”), from Old Norse hitta, from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”). Both Old English hyttan and its Middle English reflexes point to Old English /y/ in this word; possibly it was initially borrowed into a variety which had unrounded /y/ to /i/, then received /y/ in other varieties by analogy with native words where /y/ corresponded to /i/ in unrounding varieties. Etymology templates: {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:hyttan<ety:der<non:hitta>>}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*kh₂id-néh₂-ti", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*kh₂eyd-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*hittijaną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Norse", "term" : "hitta", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "non" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "hyttan", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "hitten", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="hitten">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|hyttan||to come upon|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English hyttan (“to come upon”), {{inh+|enm|ang|hyttan|t=to come upon}} Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”), {{der|enm|non|hitta}} Old Norse hitta, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*hittijaną|t=to come upon}} Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*kh₂eyd-|t=to fall upon}} Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”), {{m+|ang|hyttan}} Old English hyttan Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} hitten, {{enm-verb|hitteth|hittynge|hitte|hit}} hitten (third-person singular simple present hitteth, present participle hittynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hitte, past participle hit) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|hitt|c=te|y=0}} Forms: hitteth [present, singular, third-person], hittynge [participle, present], hitte [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], hit [participle, past], weak [table-tags], hitten [infinitive], to hitten [infinitive], hitte [infinitive], hitte [first-person, present, singular], hitte [first-person, past, singular], hittest [present, second-person, singular], hittest [past, second-person, singular], hitteth [present, singular, third-person], hitte [past, singular, third-person], hitte [present, singular, subjunctive], hitte [past, singular, subjunctive], hitte [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], hitten [plural, present], hitte [plural, present], hitten [past, plural], hitte [past, plural], hitteth [imperative, plural, present], hitte [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], hittynge [participle, present], hittende [participle, present], hit [participle, past], hit [alternative], hitte [alternative], hyt [alternative], hittyne [alternative, Derbyshire], hette [alternative, Norfolk], hutte [alternative]
  1. (ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):
    To strike; to land a blow (with one's hand or weapon)
    Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-osRBREz0 Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Violence Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 18 18 18 18 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 20 20 20 15 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  2. (ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):
    To land a projectile against.
    Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-NSyh-zOT Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Violence Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 18 18 18 18 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 20 20 20 15 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  3. (ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):
    (figuratively) To succeed or afflict; to take effect.
    Tags: ambitransitive, figuratively
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-PYy4VKTX Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Violence Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 18 18 18 18 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 20 20 20 15 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  4. (ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):
    (intransitive, rare) To fall or collide.
    Tags: ambitransitive, intransitive, rare
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-qZlhtlvw Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Violence Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 18 18 18 18 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 20 20 20 15 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 21 21 21 21 6 4 4 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  5. (ambitransitive) To encounter or find; to meet with or come upon. Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-19ozml-9 Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Violence Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 18 18 18 18 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 20 20 20 15 3 3 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  6. (intransitive) To travel or journey. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb--oId4KTF Categories (other): Travel, Violence Disambiguation of Travel: 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12
  7. (ambitransitive, rare) To throw or toss; to cause to hit. Tags: ambitransitive, rare
    Sense id: en-hitten-enm-verb-Jzb4sP6g Categories (other): Violence Disambiguation of Violence: 14 14 18 14 17 12 12

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "hit"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "hit"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "hit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "hyttan",
      "hyttan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hitta",
      "hitta#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*hittijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hittijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*kh₂eyd-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kh₂eyd-"
    ],
    [
      "hyttan",
      "hyttan#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hyttan<ety:der<non:hitta>>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kh₂id-néh₂-ti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂eyd-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hittijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"hitta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hyttan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hitten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"hitten\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hyttan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to come upon",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hyttan (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hyttan",
        "t": "to come upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "hitta"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hitta",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hittijaną",
        "t": "to come upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kh₂eyd-",
        "t": "to fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hyttan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hyttan",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”), from Old Norse hitta, from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”).\nBoth Old English hyttan and its Middle English reflexes point to Old English /y/ in this word; possibly it was initially borrowed into a variety which had unrounded /y/ to /i/, then received /y/ in other varieties by analogy with native words where /y/ corresponded to /i/ in unrounding varieties.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittyne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Derbyshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hette",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hutte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "hitten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hitteth",
        "2": "hittynge",
        "3": "hitte",
        "4": "hit"
      },
      "expansion": "hitten (third-person singular simple present hitteth, present participle hittynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hitte, past participle hit)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hitt",
        "c": "te",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 18 18 20 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 20 15 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To strike; to land a blow (with one's hand or weapon)"
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-osRBREz0",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To strike; to land a blow (with one's hand or weapon)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 18 18 20 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 20 15 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To land a projectile against."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-NSyh-zOT",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To land a projectile against."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 18 18 20 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 20 15 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To succeed or afflict; to take effect."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-PYy4VKTX",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "succeed",
          "succeed"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "(figuratively) To succeed or afflict; to take effect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 3 4 18 18 18 18 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 2 2 20 20 20 20 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 18 18 20 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 20 15 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 21 6 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To fall or collide."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-qZlhtlvw",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "collide",
          "collide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "(intransitive, rare) To fall or collide."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 18 18 20 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 20 20 15 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To encounter or find; to meet with or come upon."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-19ozml-9",
      "links": [
        [
          "encounter",
          "encounter"
        ],
        [
          "find",
          "find"
        ],
        [
          "meet with",
          "meet with"
        ],
        [
          "come upon",
          "come upon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To encounter or find; to meet with or come upon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Travel",
          "orig": "enm:Travel",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To travel or journey."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb--oId4KTF",
      "links": [
        [
          "travel",
          "travel"
        ],
        [
          "journey",
          "journey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To travel or journey."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 18 14 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw or toss; to cause to hit."
      ],
      "id": "en-hitten-enm-verb-Jzb4sP6g",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "toss",
          "toss"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive, rare) To throw or toss; to cause to hit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhitən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hitten"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂eyd-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "enm:Travel",
    "enm:Violence"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "hit"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "hit"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "hit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "hyttan",
      "hyttan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hitta",
      "hitta#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*hittijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hittijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*kh₂eyd-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kh₂eyd-"
    ],
    [
      "hyttan",
      "hyttan#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hyttan<ety:der<non:hitta>>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kh₂id-néh₂-ti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂eyd-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hittijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"hitta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hyttan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hitten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"hitten\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hyttan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to come upon",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hyttan (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hyttan",
        "t": "to come upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "hitta"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hitta",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hittijaną",
        "t": "to come upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kh₂eyd-",
        "t": "to fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hyttan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hyttan",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hyttan (“to come upon”), from Old Norse hitta, from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon”).\nBoth Old English hyttan and its Middle English reflexes point to Old English /y/ in this word; possibly it was initially borrowed into a variety which had unrounded /y/ to /i/, then received /y/ in other varieties by analogy with native words where /y/ corresponded to /i/ in unrounding varieties.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hit",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyt",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hittyne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Derbyshire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hette",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hutte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "hitten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hitteth",
        "2": "hittynge",
        "3": "hitte",
        "4": "hit"
      },
      "expansion": "hitten (third-person singular simple present hitteth, present participle hittynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hitte, past participle hit)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hitt",
        "c": "te",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To strike; to land a blow (with one's hand or weapon)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To strike; to land a blow (with one's hand or weapon)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To land a projectile against."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To land a projectile against."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To succeed or afflict; to take effect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "succeed",
          "succeed"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "(figuratively) To succeed or afflict; to take effect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "To fall or collide."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "contact",
          "contact"
        ],
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "forcefully",
          "forcefully#English"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "collide",
          "collide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To hit; to come into contact with (especially forcefully):",
        "(intransitive, rare) To fall or collide."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To encounter or find; to meet with or come upon."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "encounter",
          "encounter"
        ],
        [
          "find",
          "find"
        ],
        [
          "meet with",
          "meet with"
        ],
        [
          "come upon",
          "come upon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To encounter or find; to meet with or come upon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To travel or journey."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "travel",
          "travel"
        ],
        [
          "journey",
          "journey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To travel or journey."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw or toss; to cause to hit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "toss",
          "toss"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive, rare) To throw or toss; to cause to hit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhitən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hitten"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hitten meaning in Middle English (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.